Dhanbad district was formed by carving out the old Dhanbad subdivision and the Manbhum district in 1926. The district is divided into three broad divisions:
* the hilly north and north western portions.
* the uplands containing coal mines and the industries
* plains lying to the south of the Damodar river consisting of cultivable flat lands.
The main rivers of Dhanbad district are Damodar, Barakar, Irji, Gobai and Khudia. The development blocks of Dhanbad are:
* Tundi
* Baghmara-Cum-Katras
* Baliapur
* Dhanbad-Cum-Kenduadih-Cum-Jagta
* Topchanchi
* Gobindpur
* Nirsa-Cum-Chirkunda
* Jharia-Cum-Jorapokhar-Cum-Sindri.
There are 1349 villages in the district of Dhanbad administered by 311 Panchayats. There are 8 Revenue Inspector Circles, 22 police out posts and 26 police stations in Dhanbad.
As far as education is concerned, the literacy rate in Dhanbad is 67.49%. There are 881 Government Primary Schools, 261 Government Middle Schools in Dhanbad. For higher studies, there are 17 colleges in Dhanbad including one medical college.
Dhanbad is one of the most industrialized districts in India. The dominant industry of Dhanbad is coal mining. Other industries include Fertilizer and Chemical Industry, Refractory and Ceramic Industry. Small scale industries in Dhanbad include weaving, pottery, carpentry, flour mills and bidi manufacturing. The poor and infertile soil in Dhanbad is not conducive for agriculture. The scenario for Animal husbandry in Dhanbad is equally bleak, but the district has a bright prospect in Fisheries.
The coal fields in Dhanbad also draw a large number of tourists to the district apart from being important from the industrial perspective. Other tourist spots in Dhanbad are Maithon Hydel Power Station, Jamadoba, Topchanchi, Charak Pathar, Jhinjhipahari, Gopalpur, Meva, Panchet, Panrra and Chati Gobindpur.
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